What is a normal adult respiratory rate range?

The normal adult respiratory rate range is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. This range is established based on physiological studies and clinical observations of healthy adults at rest. It reflects the optimal rates at which the body can effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing.

Ventilation rates outside this range may indicate underlying health issues. Rates lower than 12 breaths per minute might suggest bradypnea, which can occur in conditions such as respiratory depression or brain injury. Conversely, rates higher than 20 breaths per minute could indicate tachypnea, commonly seen in cases of anxiety, fever, or respiratory distress. Understanding this normal range is crucial for nursing assessments and interventions, as it allows clinicians to monitor patient status and respond promptly to changes that may suggest deteriorating health.